Exploring The Challenges Of Managing Childhood Asthma In Nigeria’S Health Sector
Ifeanyi Chukwuma Nwankwo
Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odimegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra, Nigeria
Abstract
Asthma remains a significant and pervasive public health concern globally, affecting individuals across all age groups, particularly children. In Nigeria, asthma is a prominent chronic illness among children and adolescents, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 5.1% to 14.3%. Notably, older school-age children and early adolescents exhibit higher morbidity and mortality rates due to asthma-related complications. As a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, asthma significantly diminishes the quality of life by interfering with normal daily activities and overall well-being.
Despite its widespread nature, the management of asthma in Nigerian children faces several challenges. Although there have been major advances in the understanding and treatment of asthma over the past two decades, multiple social and structural determinants continue to hinder effective control. This study explores the key social determinants of childhood asthma in Nigeria, including poor neighborhood conditions, household poverty, exposure to environmental pollutants, limited access to healthcare, and psychosocial stress. These factors not only contribute to the incidence and severity of asthma but also affect the consistency and efficacy of treatment.
Furthermore, the article examines the systemic and logistical barriers in managing pediatric asthma in Nigeria, such as inadequate awareness, limited availability of asthma medications, underdiagnosis, and poor health-seeking behaviors. The findings emphasize the need for a multi-faceted, community-based approach to asthma management, focusing on public education, improved health infrastructure, and supportive social policies that address the root causes of asthma triggers and treatment barriers. Addressing these challenges is critical for reducing asthma-related morbidity and improving health outcomes among Nigerian children.