Synergies And Considerations: Budesonide Nebulizers And Systemic Corticosteroids In Copd Exacerbation Management
Emily Grace Johnson, PhD
West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States. Corresponding author: literature search, data collection, study design, analysis of data, and manuscript preparation.
Sarah Lynn Anderson, PharmD
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States. Coauthor: study design, analysis of data, and review of manuscript.
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major global health concern, with increasing prevalence and significant morbidity and mortality. This paper explores COPD exacerbations, which are characterized by a worsening of symptoms and often lead to hospitalization. We investigate the clinical features, impact on health status, and management of these exacerbations. COPD exacerbations are associated with increased airway inflammation, mucus production, and gas trapping, leading to symptoms like dyspnea, increased sputum, cough, and wheezing. Exacerbations tend to cluster, increasing the risk of recurrent events. The duration of these episodes is typically 7-10 days, resulting in adverse outcomes, including hospitalization and disease progression. This paper reviews the pharmacological approaches to managing exacerbations, which include systemic corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and antibiotics. Systemic corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in reducing recovery time, improving lung function, and reducing the risk of early relapse. Understanding and effectively managing COPD exacerbations are essential in improving the quality of life and clinical outcomes for patients with COPD